PT-20 Europe Updated 2026-08-20

Portugal (Azores Archipelago) Geothermal Screening

Geothermal screening assessment identifies 56.3% prospective land reaching 185°C by 5.5 km depth in Portugal (Azores Archipelago).

Key Geothermal Metrics

Land Reaching 185°C by 5.5 km High Potential
56.3%

Primary baseline screening criterion

Shallowest Depth to 200°C Very Shallow
1.7 km

Minimum drill depth for high enthalpy

Peak Temperature at 5 km Depth Superhot
352.1 °C

Maximum modeled temperature

Typical Geothermal Gradient Volcanic / Rift
56.8 °C/km

Average to 5 km depth (15°C surface)

Grid Connectable Prospective Area Moderate Distance
71%

Hot territory within 50 km transmission

Stored Heat In-Place (3–7 km) 1 ZJ = 10²¹ Joules
149.2 ZJ

Thermal volume in place (>80°C baseline)

Depth vs. Temperature Matrix (% Land Area)

Proportion of national territory exceeding target isotherm at specified depth

0.1° Inversion Grid
Isotherm 3.0 km 4.0 km 5.0 km 6.0 km 7.0 km 8.0 km
150°C 25.5% 54.8% 87.5% 98% 99% 100%
175°C 26% 49.9% 69.7% 98% 99% 100%
200°C 18.3% 42.8% 74.1% 93.4% 99% 100%
225°C 15% 42.2% 60.9% 78.3% 99% 100%
250°C 15.7% 37.4% 54% 63.8% 95.5% 100%

4-Stage Geothermal Resource & Infrastructure Funnel

Progressive screening from gross national territory down to grid-connected & populated prospective zones

1 Whole country
2 346 km² 100%
2 Reaches 185°C by 5.5 km
1 321 km² 56.3%
3 ...and within 50 km transmission
938 km² 40%
4 ...and within 100 km town
876 km² 36.1%

Geological Setting & Subsurface Parameters

Lithology, basement thickness, stress and thermal boundary constraints

Median Depth to 200°C Isotherm 4.8 km
Best 10th Percentile Depth to 200°C 2.1 km
Median Temperature at 5 km Depth 274.4 °C
Best 10th Percentile Temp at 5 km 325.4 °C
Median Sediment Thickness 0.2 km
Sediment / Hard-Rock Well Share 35.9%
Territory Under 1 km Sediment Cover 90.7%
Lithostatic Pressure at 5 km Depth 137.1 MPa
Moho Crustal Discontinuity Depth 30.1 km
Thermal Lithosphere Thickness 76 km
Curie Temperature Isotherm Depth 12 km
Model Temperature Spread Uncertainty (200°C) ±1.4 km

Transmission Grid & Demand Colocation

Infrastructure interconnectivity and urban power demand proximity

High-Voltage Transmission Network Length 2 148 km
Land Area Within 25 km of Grid 55.2%
Land Area Within 50 km of Grid 71%
Land Area Within 100 km of Grid 79.6%
Average Proximity to Nearest Substation / Line 27.9 km
Urban Centers (>10,000 Population) 16
Total Urban Population 0.9 M
Prospective Resource Colocated Near Demand (>1M Pop) 58.6%

Target Sensitivity & Deep EGS Upside

Sensitivity of prospective resource area to adjusted depth and temperature thresholds

150°C Baseline at 5.5 km 90.1% of national territory reaches 150°C at 5.5 km depth
185°C Baseline at 7.5 km 99% of national territory reaches 185°C at 7.5 km depth

Global Peer Benchmarking (vs. 278 Assessed Jurisdictions)

Relative ranking distribution of Portugal (Azores Archipelago) across 11 standardized geothermal indicators

Portugal (Azores Archipelago) Rank Global Peer Spread
Shallowest 200°C depth
1.7 km Top 10%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 90th percentile
Peak temp at 5 km
352.1 °C Top 10%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 99th percentile
Prospective land area (>185°C at 5.5 km)
56.3% Top 10%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 94th percentile
Stored heat in-place (3-7 km)
149.2 ZJ Middle 50%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 68th percentile
Typical geothermal gradient
56.8 °C/km Top 25%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 81th percentile
Grid proximity (<50 km)
71% Middle 50%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 71th percentile
Thin sediment coverage (<1 km)
90.7% Top 10%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 91th percentile
Curie isotherm depth
12 km Middle 50%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 74th percentile
Moho crustal thickness
30.1 km Lower 50%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 46th percentile
Model temperature uncertainty spread
±1.7 km Middle 50%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 62th percentile
Urban demand colocation
35.8% Top 25%
P0 (Lowest) P50 (Median) P100 (Highest) • 87th percentile
Asset-Level 3D Simulation Available

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Analytical Geothermal Assessment & Discussion: Portugal (Azores Archipelago)

Subsurface thermal interpretation, model uncertainty, infrastructure colocation, and resource quality analysis

Resource Overview

Geothermal assessment for Portugal (Azores Archipelago) indicates hotspot_oceanic geological controls governing subsurface heat transport, yielding 56.3% of land area reaching the baseline target of 185°C at 5.5 km depth.

Uncertainty & Model Variance

Thermal inversion across Portugal (Azores Archipelago) shows consistent model convergence with constrained standard deviations across deep crustal layers.

Grid & Infrastructure Colocation

National electrical transmission coverage positions approximately 71% of prospective geothermal ground within 50 km of existing high-voltage corridors.

Geological & Basement Setting

Subsurface lithology is characterized by hotspot oceanic dynamics with median sediment thickness of 0.2 km and crustal thickness of 30.1 km.

Stored Heat Volume

Accessible thermal energy in place between 3 km and 7 km depth above 80°C totals 149.2 Zettajoules (ZJ).

Peer Comparison

Benchmarked against 237 global assessment jurisdictions, Portugal (Azores Archipelago) demonstrates competitive positioning across heat flow, infrastructure, and basement competence indicators.

Target Sensitivity Analysis

Screening at 150°C baseline at 5.5 km increases prospective territory, demonstrating substantial deep EGS resource headroom.

Screening Methodology, Parameters & Limitations

This screening assessment for Portugal (Azores Archipelago) is generated from Geothermal Radar Data Pack 2026.1 utilizing global 0.1° hex-grid thermal inversion across 26 model cells (land area: 2 346 km²). Baseline prospective criterion is defined as reaching 185°C at or above 5.5 km depth with surface temperature normalized to 15°C.

  • Screening estimates represent regional-scale heat in place and do not replace localized 3D seismic or exploratory drilling.
  • Model uncertainties expand in regions with sparse deep boreholes and complex thrust fault kinematics.
  • Grid proximity indicators reflect line-of-sight distance to high-voltage transmission and do not account for local substation thermal capacity.
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